Using web feeds (RSS) [real simple sindacation feeds] {RSS}f

Whut is RSSF? Using web feeds (RSS)
Here are answers to some common questions about using feeds (RSS).

What is a feed?

A feed, also known as RSS feed, XML feed, syndicated content, or web feed, is frequently updated content published by a website. It is usually used for news and blog websites, but can also be used for distributing other types of digital content, including pictures, audio, or video. Feeds can also be used to deliver audio content (usually in MP3 format) which you can listen to on your computer or MP3 player. This is referred to as podcasting.

How do I know if a website offers feeds?

When you first view a website, Internet Explorer will search for feeds. If feeds are available, the Feeds button will change color and a sound will play.

How do I view a feed?

When you visit a webpage, the Feeds button will change color, letting you know that feeds are available. Click the Feeds button, and then click the feed you want to see. If the website offers Web Slices as well, you'll see the Web Slice button . To get content automatically, you should subscribe to a feed.

How do I subscribe to a feed?

To subscribe to a feed, follow these steps:

Go to the webpage that has the feed to which you want to subscribe.
Click the Feeds button to discover feeds on the webpage. If the site also has Web Slices, you'll see the Web Slice button instead.
Click a feed (if more than one is available). If only one feed is available, you will go directly to that page.
Click Subscribe to this feed.
Type a name for the feed and select the folder to create the feed in.
Click Subscribe.

How do I add a feed to the Favorites bar?

To add a feed to the Favorites bar, subscribe to the feed, and click the Add to Favorites Bar check box in the Subscribe to this Feed dialog box. If you've already subscribed to the feed, you can click the Add to Favorites Bar button to add the feed to the Favorites bar.

How does a feed differ from a website?

A feed can have the same content as a webpage, but it's often formatted differently. When you subscribe, Internet Explorer automatically checks the website and downloads new content so you can see what is new since you last visited the feed.

How can I automatically get updated content?

You can receive content automatically by subscribing to a web feed. When you subscribe to a web feed, you set the interval at which Internet Explorer will check the website for updates. Once you've set an interval, Internet Explorer will automatically download the most up-to-date web feed list. Click Related Topics to learn how to subscribe to a web feed.

Does a feed subscription cost money?

No, it's usually free to subscribe to a feed.

How can I view my subscribed feeds?

You view feeds on the Feeds tab in the Favorites Center. To view your feeds, click the Favorites button, and then click Feeds.

Can other programs display my subscribed feeds?

Yes, Internet Explorer provides the Common Feed List to other programs. This allows you to subscribe to feeds with Internet Explorer and read them in other programs, such as e-mail clients.

What does RSS mean?

RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication, and is used to describe the technology used in creating feeds.

What formats do feeds come in?

The most common formats are RSS and Atom. Feed formats are constantly being updated with new versions. Internet Explorer supports RSS 0.91, 1.0, and 2.0, and ATOM .3, 1.0. All web feed formats are based on XML (Extensible Markup Language), a text-based computer language used to describe and distribute structured data and documents.

Related Topics

NVDA better then jaws. Good by 2Jaws. Hello 2Nvda!

? question? Whut Is this screen reader called Nvda? And Whut dos it do? That is a 2parter question? Now Heare comes your answers! 2the 2parter/question!Welcome to the Home of NVDA¶
NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA) is a free and open source screen reader for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Providing feedback via synthetic speech and Braille, it enables blind or vision impaired people to access computers running Windows for no more cost than a sighted person. Major features include support for over 20 languages and the ability to run entirely from a USB drive with no installation.

For more information about NVDA, including features and system requirements, visit the About section.
of http://www.NVDA-project.org!

question? answer! question? Whut is Nvda? Answer! the read mee dockument will tell you! ,Answers the question? Yes! , good! then readon!

NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA)
URL: http://www.nvda-project.org/

NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA) is a free and open source screen reader for the Microsoft Windows operating system. This software can enable blind or vision impaired people to access computers running Windows for no more cost than a sighted person. NVDA allows the user to find out what is happening on the screen by querying the Operating system and using a speech synthesizer to output the information.

For more information, please see the included user guide. Additional information and resources can be found on the NVDA web site.

Copyright:
Copyright (C) 2006-2009 NVDA Contributors
NVDA is covered by the GNU General Public License (Version 2). You are free to share or change this software in any way you like as long as you distribute the licence along with the software, and make all source code available to anyone who wants it. This applies to both origional and modified copies of the software, plus any software that uses code taken from this software.
For further details, you can view the licence online at:
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Or see the file Copying.txt that came with this software.

NVDA-project.org and,nvda did not loncht it self naa! it didint. The following are contributars hoo helpt made NVDA and nvda-project.org possable! If it wos not 4the contributars, There wood bee no NVDA! no screen reader 4free at all! So You all need 2put your hands together klap your hands,and Say Thankyou Thankyou Thankyou Thankyou! so so so so so so so so so so verry verry verry verry verry verry!much, Now wee can all injoy Jaws (job access with speach )the same keys same everything! But, A NVDA prospective!

Michael Curran - Creation and core development
James Teh - core development
Victor Tsaran - NVDA installer, installer logo sound
Jonathan Duddington - the eSpeak synthesizer
Amy Ni - Design of NVDA logo
Mat Mirabella - design and preparation of NVDA logo
Cleverson Casarin Uliana - Brazilian Portuguese language files
Jani Kinnunen - Finnish language files, other various patches
Ali Savas - German and turkish language files
David Parduhn - German language files
Peter Vágner - Slovak language files, core development, internationalisation coordination
Luca Maianti - Italian language files
Simone Dal Maso - italian user guide
Gianluca Casalino - Italian user guide, Audiologic Tts3 synth driver
Michel Such - French language files, other various patches
Pierre Beauchamp - French NVDA User Guide
coscell Kao - Traditional Chinese language file
Rui Batista - PTG language file, Battery status functions and scripts, various other patches
Serotek Corporation - Portions of the SAPI 4 synthesizer driver
J.J. Meddaugh - Capital pitch change configuration option, other patches
Juan C. buno - Spanish and galician language files
Tamás Géczy , Szabolcs Forgács, László Papp - Hungarian language files and documentation
Ângelo Miguel - Portuguese documentation
Tomáš Valúšek - czech language files and documentation
Jaromír Vít - czech language files
David Picon, Enrique Varela and Halena rojas - spanish translation
Eric Yip - traditional chinese language files
Dang Hoai Phuc - Vietnamese language files
Jason Custer - beep for capitals setting
Willem van der Walt - Africaans language file
Boženka Gogoláková - slovak user guide
Dmitry Kaslin - Russian language files
DOROTA CZAJKA - Polish language file
Diogo Costa - Portuguese translation
Aleksey Sadovoy - ukrainian language files, other various patches
Katsutoshi Tsuji - Japanese language files
Amorn Kiattikhunrat - Thai language files
Mario Perčinič - croatian language files
Hrvoje Katič - croatian language files
Bernd Dorer - German language files, user guide contributions
Marco Zehe - various patches
Radek Žalud - czech translations
Vítek Jirás - czech user guide and various other translation specific enhancements
Doug Lawlor - laptop keyboard layout, documentation fixes
Demetry - German language files
robjoy - Hungarian language files and documentation
Felix Grützmacher (Handy Tech Elektronik GmbH) - some initial ideas for braille support, Handy Tech braille display driver
John J. Boyer and others - liblouis (braille translation library)
Volodymyr Perig - ukrainian language files
Eakachai Charoenchaimonkon - Thai language files
JAN MICHALIK - polish language files
Áron Ócsvári - Hungarian language files
Paweł Wołoszyn - polish language files
René Linke - German language files
Wael Zakareya - Arabic localization
Optelec B.V. - ALVA BC6 braille display driver
Gustavo Tavares Dantas - brazilian language files and documentation
Roland Engelsma - Dutch language files
Wong Cameron - simplified chinese language file
Mesar Hameed - arabic localization
Fatima Mehanna - arabic localization
Rafaat Alzatawi - arabic localization
Natalia Lastuhina - russian localization
Rynhardt Kruger - Afrikaans localization
Petra Lásková - czech user guide

add reactions? Pritti neet! how2? The following(will show you how! )

Adding Reactions is done through the settings page of the Blog Post widget. From the Layout | Page Elements tab, simply click the 'Edit' link under the Blog Post widget and a settings window will pop up.



The Configure Blog Post window will display a handful of options, and the Reactions feature is near the bottom of the list:



To turn on Reactions just select the checkbox, and then you will be able to customize the feature by adding words of your choosing. Finally, you can choose the exact location of Reactions by dragging the widget at the bottom of the Configure Blog Post page:


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NVDA(keycomands).If You use NVDA ,And you dont no whut 2do needing technickal support? whell! Mr. Chris Kloragan can help you out! his blog full of tips and hints will make a you a NVDA ,Sooperstar! So my friends read on! the following are keycomands 4NVDA from webbaddress http://www.NVDA-project.orgNVDA command key quick reference

NVDA command key quick reference

Many of these commands use the NVDA key. The NVDA key is the insert key found either on the numberpad or near the delete, home, end, page up and page down keys on your keyboard. NVDA can also be configured so that you can use the capslock key as the NVDA key.

Global commands

Control: Pause speech
Shift: Continue speech

NVDA+1: keyboardHelp
turns on keyboard help mode so you can press any combination of keys on the keyboard and NVDA will tell you its name and what command it performs if it has one. To turn off keyboard help, press NVDA+1 again.

NVDA+t: title
Announces the title of the currently active application. Spels it when pressed twice and copyes to the clipboard when pressed thrice.

NVDA+b: speakForeground
Speaks the content of the currently active application. Useful to read information in a dialog box that you perhaps missed when it first was announced.

NVDA+n: showGui
Press this key to activate the NVDA menu where you can access NVDA's settings.

NVDA+q: quit
Asks if you want to exit NVDA. Pressing yes will exit, pressing no will not.

NVDA+s: speechMode
Toggles between the three speech modes (talk, beeps and off).

NVDA+F12: dateTime
Announces the current time, pressing twice quickly announces the current date.

NVDA+End: reportStatusLine
Announces the status bar of the current application if it can find one.

NVDA+f: reportFormatting
Announces formatting information at the current position in a document

Control+NVDA+f1: speakApplicationName
Announces the currently active application's name, and also spells it out. It also announces the currently loaded NVDA app module.

NVDA+Shift+b: say_battery_status
Announces the current battery level and whether AC power is plugged in.

NVDA+5: toggleReportDynamicContentChanges
Turns on and off the automatic speaking of content changes (such as when new text appears in a dos console window).

NVDA+6: toggleCaretMovesReviewCursor
Turns on and off the automatic movement of the review cursor as the caret moves.

NVDA+7: toggleFocusMovesNavigatorObject
Turns on and off the setting of the navigator object to the object with focus as it changes.

NVDA+Tab: reportCurrentFocus
Announces the object you are currently focused on.

NVDA+f2: passNextKeyThrough
Pressing this key then allows you to press any other key on the keyboard and NVDA will let it go straight to the operating system with out running its NVDA specific command if it has one.

Shift+NVDA+upArrow: reportCurrentSelection
Announces the current selection in edit controls and documents. If there is no selection it says so.

NVDA+upArrow: reportCurrentLine
Announces the current line in edit controls and documents.

NVDA+downArrow: sayAll
Starts reading from the current position in a document or edit control

Control+NVDA+c: saveConfiguration
Saves the configuration.

Control+NVDA+r: revertToSavedConfiguration
Resets the configuration.

NVDA+c: reportClipboardText
Reports the text on the Windows clipboard.

Change Settings (found in the settings dialogues)

NVDA+2: toggleSpeakTypedCharacters
Turns on or off the speaking of characters when you type them.

NVDA+3: toggleSpeakTypedWords
Turns on or off the speaking of words as you type them.

NVDA+4: toggleSpeakCommandKeys
Turns on or off the speaking of any keys as you type them.

NVDA+p: toggleSpeakPunctuation
Turns on or off the speaking of punctuation symbols as NVDA speaks information.

NVDA+m: toggleMouseTracking
Turns on or off announcement of the object or word at the mouse pointer's current position, as it moves.

NVDA+u: toggleBeepOnProgressBarUpdates
Controls how NVDA anounces progress bar updates. It can either beep for all the progress bars within the active window (default), beep for all the bars currently in progress within the whole system, or it can even anounce each 10 percent by speech.

Control+NVDA+leftArrow: previousSetting
Moves to and announces the previous voice setting

Control+NVDA+rightArrow: nextSetting
Moves to and announces the next voice setting

Control+NVDA+upArrow: increaseSetting
Increases the current voice setting

Control+NVDA+downArrow: decreaseSetting
decreases the current voice setting

Show dialogues

Control+NVDA+g: activateGeneralSettingsDialog
Shows the general settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+s: activateSynthesizerDialog
Shows the synthesizer selection dialog.

Control+NVDA+v: activateVoiceDialog
Shows the voice settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+k: activateKeyboardSettingsDialog
Shows the keyboard settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+m: activateMouseSettingsDialog
Shows the mouse settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+o: activateObjectPresentationDialog
Shows the object presentation dialog.

Control+NVDA+b: activateVirtualBuffersDialog
Shows the virtual buffer settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+d: activateDocumentFormattingDialog
Shows the document formatting settings dialog.

Control+NVDA+z: activatePythonConsole
Shows the python console.

navigator object navigation

NVDA+numPad5: navigatorObject_current
Announces the current navigator object. If pressed twice spels it out and if pressed three times copyes its name and value to the clipboard.

NVDA+numpadDelete: navigatorObject_currentDimensions
Announces the size and location of the current navigator object.

NVDA+numPad8: navigatorObject_parent
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's parent (i.e. the object that contains it).

NVDA+numPad2: navigatorObject_firstChild
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's first child (i.e. the first object inside it)

NVDA+numPad4: navigatorObject_previous
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's previous object (i.e. the object before it, on the same level).

Shift+NVDA+numPad4: navigatorObject_previousInFlow
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's previous object in flow (i.e. the object before it, not necessarily on the same level).

NVDA+numPad6: navigatorObject_next
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's next object (i.e. the object after it, on the same level).

Shift+NVDA+numPad6: navigatorObject_nextInFlow
Sets the navigator object to the current navigator object's next object in flow (i.e. the object after it, not necessarily on the same level).

NVDA+numpadEnter: navigatorObject_doDefaultAction
Performs the default action on the current navigator object (e.g. presses a button, activates a list item).

NVDA+numPadDivide: moveMouseToNavigatorObject
Move the mouse pointer to the current navigator object

NVDA+numPadMultiply: moveNavigatorObjectToMouse
Sets the navigator object to the current object under the mouse pointer

numpadSubtract: review_moveToCaret
Moves the review cursor to the location of the caret.

Control+numpadSubtract: review_moveCaretHere
Moves the caret to the location of the review cursor

NVDA+numPadSubtract: navigatorObject_toFocus
Sets the navigator object to the current object with focus.

numPadDivide: leftMouseClick
Clicks the left mouse button once where ever it may be at the time.

numPadMultiply: rightMouseClick
Clicks the right mouse button once where ever it may be at the time.

numpadAdd: review_sayAll
Uses the review cursor to read from its position to the end of the currently reviewable text.

NVDA+numPadAdd: navigatorObject_sayAll
Starts to read all the objects after the navigator object, in flow order.

reading objects

numpad1: review_previousCharacter
Moves the review cursor to the previous character.

Shift+numpad1: review_startOfLine
Moves the review cursor to the start of the line.

numpad2: review_currentCharacter
speaks the character at the review cursor.

numpad3: review_nextCharacter
Moves the review cursor to the next character.

Shift+numpad3: review_endOfLine
Moves the review cursor to the end of the line.

numpad4: review_previousWord
Moves the review cursor to the previous word.

numpad5: review_currentWord
speaks the word at the review cursor.

numpad6: review_nextWord
Moves the review cursor to the next word.

numpad7: review_previousLine
Moves the review cursor to the previous line.

Shift+numpad7: review_top
Moves the review cursor to the first line.

numpad8: review_currentLine
speaks the line at the review cursor.

numpad9: review_nextLine
Moves the review cursor to the previous line.

Shift+numpad9: review_bottom
Moves the review cursor to the last line.

NVDA+f9: review_markStartForCopy
Marks the current position of the review cursor as the start of text to be copied.

NVDA+f10: review_copy
Retrieves the text from the previously set start marker up to and including the current position of the review cursor and copies it to the clipboard.

VirtualBuffer commands:

NVDA+space: toggleVirtualBufferPassThrough
Turns virtualBuffer pass-through mode on or off.

control+NVDA+f: find
NVDA+f3: find next
NVDA+f7: elements list
NVDA+f5: refresh buffer
NVDA+v: toggleScreenLayout

VirtualBuffer quick keys to skip to the next element of a particular type (also use shift with the key to go backwards):
h: heading
l: list
i: list item
t: table
k: link
f: form field
u: unvisited link
v: visited link
e: edit field
b: button
x: checkbox
c: combo box
r: radio button
q: block quote
s: separator
m: frame
g: graphic
d: ARIA landmark
n: nonLinked text
o: embedded object
1 to 6: headings 1 to 6 respectively

The following is a {user gide on how 2use NVDA} [from a blind prospective]

Mozilla Thunderbird 3
• Support for Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Basic support for Microsoft Outlook Express / Windows Mail
• support for Microsoft Word and Excel
• Support for accessible Java applications
• Support for Adobe Reader
• Early support for IBM Lotus Symphony
• support for Windows Command Prompt and console applications
• Automatic announcement of text under the mouse and optional audible indication of the mouse position
• Support for many refreshable Braille displays
1.2. Internationalization
It is important that people anywhere in the world, no matter what language they speak, get equal access to technology. NVDA currently has been translated into over 20 languages besides the English language including: Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Croatian, Czech, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Ukrainian, Afrikaans, Polish and Vietnamese.
1.3. Speech Synthesizer Support
Apart from providing its messages and interface in several languages, NVDA can also enable the user to read content in any language, as long as they have a speech synthesizer that can speak that particular language.
NVDA is bundled with eSpeak, a free, open-source, multi-lingual speech synthesizer. Additionally, NVDA can use both SAPI4 and SAPI5 speech engines to provide speech output, as well as the Audiologic and NewFon speech synthesizers.
1.4. Braille support
For users that own a refreshable braille display, NVDA can output its information in braille. NVDA supports Freedom Scientific Pacmate and Focus displays, Handy Tech displays, ALVA BC640/680 displays, plus many others supported by the BRLTTY package if it is available.
NVDA supports many braille codes covering a large set of languages. In many cases grade 1 and 2 versions of the codes are available. For English readers both U.S. English braille and Unified English braille (UEB) codes are included.
1.5. Licence and Copyright
NVDA is copyright 2006-2009 NVDA contributors.
NVDA is covered by the GNU General Public License (Version 2). You are free to share or change this software in any way you like as long as you distribute the licence along with the software, and make all source code available to anyone who wants it. This applies to both original and modified copies of the software, plus any software that uses code taken from this software. For further details, you can view the full licence.
2. System Requirements
• Operating Systems: all 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 (including Server operating Systems), may partially work on Windows 2000.
• Memory: 256 mb or more of RAM
• Processor speed: 1.0 ghz or above
• About 50 MB of storage space.
3. Getting NVDA
If you have not yet got a copy of NVDA, you can download it here.
Go to the download section and you will find a link to download the latest version of NVDA.
There are currently two ways NVDA is packaged. One is an Installer which will talk you through installing NVDA so that you can then run it at any time from the Start Menu. The other is a self-extracting archive file that contains a fully portable version of NVDA, which you can run from anywhere, including a USB thumb drive or CD.
4. Installing NVDA
4.1. The NVDA Installer
If you already have the NVDA installer, simply press enter or double click on the file and the installer will start.
As the installer loads, you will hear the NVDA installation music. Once loaded, a temporary copy of NVDA will allow you to follow the prompts of the installer and install NVDA. Note that if you were running another copy of NVDA at the time you started the installer, a message will appear telling you that your previous copy of NVDA will be closed. When you press enter on this message, the installer will close your previous copy and start its own one. This is necessary so that the installer can properly update any changed files. At this point, if you have another copy of NVDA already installed, the NVDA installer will uninstall it for you, and then it will commence to install NVDA.
Once you have successfully completed the installation, the installer will alert you that the install of NVDA has finished. If reinstalling NVDA, It may ask you to reboot the system at this point. It is very important that you reboot the system as failing to do so will have undesirable consequences. If it did not ask you to reboot, pressing Finnish will close the installer and start the newly installed version of NVDA.
4.2. NVDA portable
If you have the portable version of NVDA, then all you have to do is to press enter or double click on the file, and follow the prompts. It will ask you where on your system you wish to place the files.
5. Getting started with NVDA
5.1. Launching NVDA
If you have installed NVDA with the installer, then starting NVDA is as simple as either pressing control+alt+n, or choosing NVDA from the NVDA menu under Programs on the Start Menu. Additionally you can type NVDA into the Run dialog and press Enter.
To start the portable version, go to the directory you unpacked NVDA to, and press enter or double click on nvda.exe.
As NVDA starts, you will first hear an ascending set of tones (telling you that NVDA is loading). Depending on how fast your computer is, or if you are running NVDA off a USB key or other slower medium, it may take a little while to start. If it is taking an extra long time, NVDA should say "Loading subsystems. Please wait..."
If you don't hear any of this, or you hear the Windows error sound, or a descending set of tones, then this means that NVDA has an error, and you will need to possibly report a bug to the developers. Please check out the NVDA website for how to do this.
When NVDA starts for the first time, you will be greeted by a dialog box which provides you with some basic information about the NVDA modifier key and the NVDA menu. (Please see further sections about these topics). The dialog box also contains two checkboxes. The first lets you control if NVDA should use the capslock as an NVDA modifier key, and the second lets you control if this Welcome dialog should appear each time NVDA starts.
5.2. About NVDA keyboard commands
Most NVDA-specific keyboard commands usually consist of pressing the NVDA modifier key, in conjunction with one or more other keys. An exception to this are the text review commands which just use the numpad keys by themselves.
By default both numpad insert and extended insert can be used as the NVDA modifier key. However, you can also configure NVDA so that the capslock key also becomes an NVDA modifier key. When configured this way, pressing or holding down capslock acts as an NVDA modifier key, but pressing it twice in quick succession causes it to act as the normal capslock key.
Many key commands are mentioned through out the rest of this user guide, but an easy way to explore all the different key commands is to turn on keyboard help.
To turn on keyboard help, press NVDA+1. To turn it off again, press NVDA+1 again. While in keyboard help, pressing any key will announce what it does (if in deed it does do something). The keys will not actually perform their function while in keyboard help mode, so you can press what ever keys you like.
6. The NVDA menu
The NVDA menu allows you to control NVDA's settings, access help, save/revert your configuration, Modify speech dictionaries, read the log file, and exit NVDA.
6.1. Accessing the NVDA menu
To get to the NVDA menu from anywhere in Windows while NVDA is running, press NVDA+n. You can also get to the NVDA menu via the windows system tray. Either right-click on the nvda icon located in the system tray, or access the system tray by pressing the windows logo key+B, DownArrow to the NVDA icon and press the applications key located next to the right control key on most keyboards. When the menu comes up, You can use the arrow keys to navigate the menu, and the enter key to activate an item. The Preferences menu allows you to configure NVDA how you like, the tools menu contains useful tools such as the NVDA log viewer and the NVDA Python console for developers, the help menu allows you to access the user guide, a quick key reference, and much more. The NVDA menu also contains items that allow you to save or revert your current configuration. There is also an option that allows you to exit NVDA, although this can be accomplished more efficiently by pressing NVDA+Q.
The options under the preferences menu can also be accessed via keyboard shortcut commands, as well as the NVDA Python Console, save and revert configuration options discussed in this section. For more information about this, please visit the quick reference guide for a list of shortcut commands.
6.2. Configuring NVDA
6.2.1 Preferences
6.2.1.1. General Settings
The General settings dialog box is found in the Preferences menu. It is also accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+G. To save the options after modifying settings, press the OK button. To cancel, press the cancel button or the escape key. It contains the following options:
Language
A combo box which allows you to select the language that NVDA's user interface and messages should be shown in. There are many languages, however the default option is "User Default, Windows". This option tells NVDA to use the language that Windows is currently set to. Please note that NVDA must be restarted when changing the language. NVDA will ask you if you wish to restart if you do change the selection. Press OK, and NVDA will restart.
Save Configuration on Exit
This option is a checkbox that, when checked, tells NVDA to automatically save the current configuration when you exit NVDA.
Warn before exiting NVDA
This option is a checkbox that allows you to choose whether or not a dialog appears when you exit NVDA that asks whether or not you would like to exit. When checked, a dialog will appear when you attempt to exit NVDA asking whether or not you want to exit.
Logging level
This is a combo box that permits you to choose how much NVDA wil log as it's running. Generally users should not need to touch this as not too much is logged. However if you are wanting to provide information in a bug report, then it may be a useful option.
Automatically start nvda after I log on to windows
If this option is enabled, NVDA will start automatically as soon as you log on to Windows.
Use nvda on the windows log on screen (requires administrative privileges)
If you log on to Windows by providing a user name and password, then enabling this option will make NVDA start automatically at the logon screen when Windows starts.
6.2.1.2. Synthesizer Selection
The Synthesizer dialog, which is found under "Synthesizer..." in the Preferences menu or by pressing NVDA+Control+S, allows you to select which Synthesizer NVDA should use to speak with.
The dialog contains a simple combo box, which lists all the available synthesizers. Choose the synthesizer you want using the arrow keys, and then press ok. If there is an error loading the synthesizer, a message box will alert you, and NVDA will keep the old synthesizer loaded.
The current list of synthesizers NVDA supports is: eSpeak, SAPI4, SAPI5, Audiologic, Display, and Silence.
The eSpeak synthesizer is built directly in to NVDA, and does not depend on any other special drivers or SAPI runtime to be installed. NVDA starts using eSpeak by default. This synthesizer should work on any system that NVDA works on, so it will definitely work when running NVDA off a USB thumb drive or CD, on anyone else's system.
The Sapi4 option allows you to use the Sapi synthesizer. Voices that are included under Ssapi4 include eloquence voices, as well as other Ssapi4 voices that you may have installed on your system.
The Sapi5 synthesizer allows you to use the microsoft voices that are iincluded on your machine. In XP, the default Ssapi5 voice is Microsoft Sam. In Vista, the default voice is Microsoft Anna. Depending on what voices you have installed, others may show up under Ssapi5.
The Display synthesizer is useful for sighted developers who wish to read what NVDA is speaking, as they test NVDA with their applications.
The Silence synthesizer driver is not that useful, unless you want to not have any speech at all while running NVDA.
Please note that no matter how many different SAPI4 or SAPI5 voices (or engines) you have installed on your system, only the actual SAPI4 and SAPI5 synthesizers will show up in the Synthesizers dialog. To actually select one of the engines (voices), select either SAPI4 or SAPI5, and then in the Voice settings dialog, you can choose the voice you want.
6.2.1.3. Voice Settings
The Voice Settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu or accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+V, contains options that let you change the sound of the speech. You can also configure many of the options from anywhere by pressing NVDA+Control along with one of the arrow keys. The left and right arrow keys move through the various settings, the up and down arrows increase or decrease that setting respectively.
The Voice Settings dialog box contains the following options:
Voice
The first option that you land on in this dialog is a combo box listing all the voices of the current synthesizer that you have installed. You can use the arrow keys to listen to all the various choices. Left and Up arrow take you up in the list, while right and down arrow moves you down in the list.
Variant
If you are using the Espeak synthesizer that is packaged with NVDA, this is a combo box that lets you select the Variant the synthesizer should speak with. ESpeak's Variants are rather like voices, as they provide slightly different attributes to the eSpeak voice. Some variants will sound like a male, some like a female, and some even like a frog.
Rate
This option allows you to change the rate of your voice. This is a slider that goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the slowest, 100 being the fastest).
Pitch
This option allows you to change the pitch of the current voice. It is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest pitch and 100 being the highest).
Volume
This option is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest volume and 100 being the highest).
Inflection
This option is a slider that lets you choose how much inflection (rise and fall in pitch) the synthesizer should use to speak with. (The only synthesizer that provides this option at the present time is eSpeak).
Speak All Punctuation
This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to speak all punctuation symbols as words (very useful for proof reading). When unchecked, NVDA leaves the punctuation unchanged, so the synthesizer will still read sentences with the right inflection, however the symbols won't be spoken aloud.
Raise pitch for capitals
This setting, if checked, will raise the pitch for capitals.
Say "CAP" before capitals
This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to say the word "cap;" before any capital letter, when arrowing over it or speaking it when its being typed. Usually, NVDA raises the pitch slightly for any capital letter, but some synthesizers may not support this well, so perhaps this option may be of use.
Beep for capitals
If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will make a small beep each time it encounters a capitalized character by itself. Like the 'say cap for capitals' checkbox, this is useful for Synthesizers that can't change their pitch for capital letters.
6.2.1.4. Braille Settings
The braille settings dialog box can be invoked by going to the preferences menu and then to the braille settings option.
Braille Display
The first option you will come upon in the braille settings dialog is a combo box that says "braille display". You will be presented with three options. Move between these options with the arrow keys.
No braille means that you are not using braille.
Freedom Scientific is for Freedom Scientific Focus/Pacmate displays. Note that this option only appears if you have the braille driver from Freedom Scientific installed, see Official Freedom Scientific braille drivers page for more info on how to obtain and install the drivers.
Handy Tech is for the Handy Tech displays. Note that this option will only exist if you have installed the Handy Tech Universal Driver
BRLTTY allows you to use a wide list of braille displays. Please install the BRLTTY Windows installer in order to get support for these displays.
Translation Table
The next option you will come to in this dialog is the braille table combo box. In this combo box, you will find braille tables for different languages. You can move from braille table to braille table in the list by using the arrow keys.
Expand to computer braille for the word at the cursor
This option allows the word that is under the cursor to be displayed in non-contracted computer braille.
Cursor Blink Rate
This option is a numerical field that allows you to change the blink rate of the cursor in milliseconds.
Message Timeout (sec)
This option is a numerical field that controls how long system messages are displayed on the braille display.
Miscellaneous
When pressing NVDA+Control+T, you can control what is being displayed on the braille display. The two options are focus and review. Focus displays what is being accessed via the arrow keys, the tab key, in short, focus navigation. Review allows you to review what is on the screen, I.E object navigation. You can cycle between these options by pressing control+NVDA+T.
6.2.1.5. Keyboard settings
This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Keyboard settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+K. It contains the following options:
Keyboard layout
This combo box lets you choose what type of keyboard layout NVDA should use. Currently the two that come with NVDA are Desktop and Laptop.
Use capslock as an NVDA modifier key
If this checkbox is checked, capslock can be used as an NVDA modifier key.
Use extended insert as an NVDA modifier key
If this checkbox is checked, the extended insert key (usually found above the arrow keys, near home and end) can be used as an NVDA modifier key.
Use numpad insert as an NVDA modifier key
If this checkbox is checked, the insert key on the number pad can be used as an NVDA modifier key.
Speak Typed Characters
A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all characters you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+2.
Speak Typed Words
A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all words you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+3.
Speak Command Keys
A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all non-character keys you type on the keyboard. This includes key combinations such as control plus another letter. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+4.
6.2.1.6. Mouse Settings
The Mouse Settings dialog is found in the Preferences Menu, under "Mouse settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+M. It contains the following options:
Report Mouse Shape Changes
A checkbox, that when checked means that NVDA will announce the shape of the mouse pointer each time it changes. The mouse pointer in Windows changes shape to convey certain information such as when something is editable, or when something is loading etc.
Report text Under Mouse
A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce the text currently under the mouse pointer, as you move it around the screen. This allows you to find things on the screen, by physically moving the mouse, rather than trying to find them through object navigation.
Text unit resolution
If NVDA is set to announce the text under the mouse as you move it, this option allows you to choose exactly how much text will be spoken. The options are character, word, line and paragraph.
Report role when mouse enters object
If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will announce the role (type) of object as the mouse moves in side it.
Play audio coordinates when mouse moves
Checking this checkbox makes NVDA play beeps as the mouse moves, so that the user can work out where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen.
Brightness controls audio coordinates volume
If the 'play audio coordinates when mouse moves' checkbox is checked, then checking this checkbox means that the volume of the audio coordinates beeps is controled by how bright the screen is under the mouse. This may cause some performence issues on Windows Vista, so it is unchecked by default.
6.2.1.7. Object Presentation Settings
Found in the Preferences menu under "Object Presentation..." or by pressing NVDA+Control+O. This dialog box contains the following options:
Report Tool Tips
A checkbox that when checked tells NVDA to announce tool tips as they appear. Many Windows and controls show a small message (or tool tip) when you move the mouse pointer over them, or sometimes when you move the focus to them.
Report Help Balloons
This checkbox when checked tells NVDA to announce help balloons as they appear. Help Balloons are like tool tips, but are usually larger in size, and are associated with system events such as a network cable being unplugged, or perhaps to alert you about Windows security issues.
Report Object Shortcut Keys
When this checkbox is checked, NVDA will include the shortcut key that is associated with a certain object or control when it is announced. For example the File menu on a menu bar may have a shortcut key of alt+f.
Report object position information
This option lets you choose whether you wish to have an object's position (e.g. 1 of 4) reported when moving to the object with the focus or object navigation.
Report Object descriptions
Uncheck this checkbox if you feel you don't need to hear the description announced along with objects.
Progress bar output
A progress bar is a control which looks a bit like a ruler. As a task is slowly being completed, more of the bar gets highlighted. It also shows a percentage value, to numerically tell you how far along it is. Progress bars are shown for things like loading a web page, checking your email, or processing a sound file etc.
This option presents you with a combo box which controls how nvda reports progress bar updates to you. It has the following options:
• Off: Progress bars will not be reported as they change.
• Speak: This option tells nvda to speak the progress bar in percentages. Each time the progress bar changes, nvda will speak the new value.
• Beep: This tells nvda to beep each time the progress bar changes. The higher the beep, the closer the progress bar is to completion.
• Beep and speak: This option tells nvda to both beep and speak when a progress bar updates.
Report background progress bars
This is an option that, when checked, tells nvda to keep reporting a progress bar, even if it is not physically in the foreground. If you minimize or switch away from a window that contains a progress bar, nvda will keep track of it, allowing you to do other things while nvda tracks the progress bar.
6.2.1.8. Virtual Buffer Settings
The Virtual Buffer settings dialog can be found in the Preferences menu, under "Virtual Buffers...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+B.
The dialog contains the following options:
Maximum Number of Characters on One Line
This field sets the maximum length of a line of a virtual buffer (in characters).
Maximum Lines Per Page
Although virtual buffers don't really have pages, this field sets the amount of lines you will move by when pressing page up or page down while in a virtual buffer.
Use screen layout
This option allows you to specify whether content in the virtual Buffer should place content such as links and other fields on their own line, or if it should keep them in the flow of text as it is visually shown. If the option is enabled then things will stay as they are visually shown, but if it is disabled then fields will be placed on their own line.
Report layout tables
When disabled this option makes NVDA only report tables that contain tabular data (where it makes sense to know that this is a table). But if enabled, NVDA will also report tables used purely for visual presentation.
Configuring announcement of fields such as links and headings
Previous versions of NVDA allowed you to use the Virtual Buffer settings dialog to configure whether NVDA should announce the type of field that you entered while reading through web content. Examples of field types are links, headings, tables, and lists. To configure these, please find new options in the Document Formatting Settings dialog. These options now not only affect virtual Buffers, but any documents that may cause these types of fields to be announced.
Automatic focus mode for focus changes
This option allows focus mode to be invoked if focus changes. For example, when on a web page, if you press tab and you land on a form, if this option is checked, focus mode will automatically be invoked.
Automatic focus mode for carret movement
This option, when checked, allows NVDA to enter and leave focus mode when using arrow keys. For example, if arrowing down a webpage and you land on an edit box, NVDA will automatically bring you into focus mode. If you arrow out of the edit box, NVDA will put you back in browse mode.
Audio indication of Focus and Browse modes
If this option is enabled, NVDA will play special sounds when it switches between browse mode and focus mode in a virtual Buffer, rather than speaking the change.
6.2.1.9. Document Formatting Settings
This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Document Formatting...". Alternatively, this dialog box can be invoked by pressing NVDA+Control+D. All the checkboxes in this dialog are for configuring what type of formatting you wish to hear automatically as you move the cursor around microsoft word or wordpad documents. For example, if you check the report font name checkbox, each time you arrow onto text with a different font, the name of the font will be announced.
You can configure announcement of font name, font size, font attributes, style, text alignment, text style, tables, page numbers, line numbers, spelling errors, links, headings, lists and blockquotes.
6.2.1.10. Speech dictionaries
The speech dictionaries menu (found in the Preferences menu) contains dialogs that allow you to manage the way NVDA pronounces particular words or phrases. There are currently three different types of speech dictionaries. They are:
• Default: rules in this dictionary affect all speech in NVDA.
• Voice: rules in this dictionary affect speech for the synthesizer voice currently being used.
• Temporary: rules in this dictionary affect all speech in NVDA, but only for the current session. These rules are temporary and will be lost if NVDA is restarted.
All dictionary dialogs contain a list of rules which will be used for processing the speech. The dialog also contains Add, Edit and remove buttons.
To add a new rule to the dictionary, press the Add button, and fill in the fields in the dialog box that appears and then press Ok. You will then see your new rule in the list of rules. However to make sure your rule is actually saved, make sure to press Ok to exit the dictionary dialog all together once you have finished adding/editing rules.
The rules for NVDA's speech dictionaries allow you to change one string of characters in to another. A simple example would be that you want to have NVDA say the word frog each time it is supposed to say the word bird. In the Add rule dialog, the easiest way to do this is to type the word bird in the Pattern field, and the word frog in the Replacement field. You may also want to type a description of the rule in the Comment field (something like: changes bird to frog).
NVDA's speech dictionaries however are much more powerful than simple word replacement. The Add rule dialog also contains a checkbox to say whether or not you want the rule to be case sensitive (meaning that NVDA should care whether the characters are uppercase or lowercase. NVDA ignores case by default). Another chekbox allows you to state whether your pattern is a "Regular expression". A regular expression is a pattern containing special symbols that allow you to match on more than one character at a time, or match on just numbers, or just letters, as a few examples. Regular expressions are not covered in this user guide, but there are many tutorials on the web which can provide you with more information.
6.2.2. Saving and Reloading the configuration
NVDA stores its settings in a file called nvda.ini in its directory. You will probably never have to touch this file, but for advanced users, this file does allow you to change some extra settings which don't yet have dialog boxes to do so.
NVDA does not automatically save your settings, so if you exit NVDA, and then restart it, the settings will go back to the original values. Note, however, that this default option can be changed under the general options in the preferences menu. To save the settings, you can either choose the Save configuration item in the NVDA menu, or press NVDA+Control+c from anywhere.
If NVDA is on a read-only file system, such as a CD, it will not be able to save your settings, and it will tell you so.
If you ever make a mistake with your settings and need to revert back to the saved settings, you can either choose the "revert to saved configuration" item in the NVDA menu, or you can press NVDA+Control+r from anywhere.
7. Navigating with NVDA
7.1. Navigating with the Focus
The Most common way of navigating around Windows with NVDA, is to just move around with normal keyboard commands, such as tab and shift tab to move forward and back between controls, pressing alt to get to the menu bar and then using the arrows to navigate menus, using alt+tab to move between running applications. As you do this, NVDA will announce what has focus.
When NVDA announces an object (e.g. when it receives focus), it will usually say the object's name, type, state, value, description, keyboard shortcut, and positional information. This is quite similar to other screen readers; however the types of objects may be a little different.
There are some key commands that are useful when moving with focus:
• NVDA+tab - reports the current focus
• NVDA+b - reads the entire foreground window (useful for reading a dialog box)
• NVDA+t - Announces the title of the current foreground window
7.2. Navigating with the System Caret
When the focus is on an object that has an edit cursor (system caret), you can arrow around and edit like you normally would. NVDA will announce as you move by character, word, line, and will also announce selecting and unselecting text.
When you move with the system caret, the position of the review cursor will also be updated to match the system caret.
You can also read the entire text (say all) with NVDA+down Arrow. Note though that this is different to numpad Plus which only moves the review cursor, this moves the system caret as it goes.
7.3. Object Navigation
If you wish to navigate around the current application or the Operating System a bit, but with out moving the focus, you can use NVDA's object navigation. This allows you to move from object to object in a tree like structure.
The tree structure of objects starts at the desktop window, the root of the tree. The first branches of the tree are the currently running applications, and of course these applications have their own branches (objects), representing various parts of the application.
The tree structure can get quite large, but it does allow you to navigate in a logical order, so that you can quickly find the information you need.
This structure has nothing to do with how the objects are laid out on the screen, but how they are related logically. This may take a little bit of time to get used to, but once you grasp this, you should be able to move around quite easily.
NVDA currently can not navigate the objects in a screen-based layout due to not having a video intercept driver or display hooks. NVDA chooses not to interact with the screen, more so because over all it should allow a much clearer, and more logical perception of an application and the operating system, rather than trying to picture a flat screen layout.
Not all applications have a perfect tree structure, but this is up to the developer of that particular application. Most seem to be ok; certainly most Dialog boxes and highly structured applications seem to have gotten it right.
To navigate by object, use the following keys:
• NVDA+numpad5: Speak current object
• NVDA+numpad8: Move to parent object (moving towards the root of the tree)
• NVDA+numpad4: Move to previous object (the object directly before this one on the same level)
• NVDA+numpad6: Move to Next object (the object directly after this one on the same level)
• NVDA+numpad2: Move to first child object (The first branch coming out of this one)
• NVDA+shift+numpad4: Move to previous object in flow (crosses parent child object boundaries automatically until it can go previous)
• NVDA+shift+numpad6: Move to next object in flow (crosses parent child object boundaries automatically until it can go next)
• NVDA+numpadMinus: Move to focus
• NVDA+numpadEnter: Activate current object (e.g. press enter / click / double click)
• NVDA+numpadDivide: Move the mouse to the current object
• NVDA+numpadMultiply: Move to the mouse
• NVDA+numpadDelete: announce current object's dimentions in regards to the screen
• NVDA+numpadPlus: say all objects - starts reading from the current object, traveling next in flow
note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly
When you move with the focus, the current navigator object changes along with it. However, if you wish to lock the object navigation to one specific object, so it doesn't change with the focus, you can turn off focus Moves Navigator Object with NVDA+7.
7.4. Reviewing the Text in the Current Object
NVDA allows you to read the contents of the current navigator object, by character, word or line. This is mostly useful in Dos console windows, and other places where there is a limited or non-existant system caret.
• Shift+numpad7: Top line
• numpad7: Previous line
• numpad8: Current line
• numpad9: Next line
• shift+numpad9: Bottom line
• numpad4: Previous word
• numpad5: Current word
• numpad6: Next word
• shift+numpad1: Start of line
• numpad1: Previous character
• numpad2: Current character
• numpad3: Next character
• shift+numpad3: End of line
• numpad Plus: Say all text
note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly
When an object contains an edit cursor (system caret), and it moves, the review cursor is also updated to that position. If you want the review cursor to stay where it is, and not move with the caret, you can turn off caret Moves Review Cursor by pressing NVDA+6.
It is possible to copy parts of the text you are reviewing. For example, you may wish to copy an internet address someone has sent you in a text chat program. To copy text, Start by moving the review cursor to the first character of the text you wish to copy, and press NVDA+f9. Then move to the end of the text, and press NVDA+f10. The text will now be copied to the clipboard so that you can paste it somewhere else. Note that if the program you are using already allows you to move through the text using the system caret, and copy using the normal control+c command, then you will always get better results using this.
7.5. Navigating with the Mouse
When you move the Mouse, NVDA by default reports the text that is directly under the mouse pointer, as it moves over it. Where supported, NVDA will read a paragraph's worth of text, though some controls may only read by line.
NVDA can also be configured to also announce the type of control or object the mouse is currently over as it moves (e.g. list, button etc), which may be useful for totally blind users as sometimes the text isn't enough.
NVDA provides a way for users to understand where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen, by playing the current mouse coordinates as audio beeps. The higher the mouse is on the screen, the higher the pitch of the beeps. The more left or right the mouse is on the screen, the more left or right the sound will seem to come from (assuming the user has stereo speakers).
These extra mouse features are not turned on by default in NVDA, but if you wish to take advantage of them, you can configure them from the Mouse settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu on the NVDA menu.
8. Virtual Buffers
Complex read-only documents, such as web pages, are represented in NVDA with in a Virtual Buffer.
A virtual buffer is a flat representation of content such as a web page, that can be moved around in with the arrow keys. Information such as whether text is a link, heading etc is announced along with the text as you move.
While in a virtual buffer, there are two modes of interaction. Browse mode is where you can move around all the text using a virtual cursor. Focus mode is where you can directly interact with the control (edit field, combo box, radio buttons) using what ever keys you would normally use. When in Browse mode, NVDA will automatically switch to focus mode if you tab to or click on a particular control that requires it. Note that pressing enter or space on controls that require it will also switch to focus mode. You can also manually change to focus mode with NVDA+space. If NVDA automatically changed to focus mode because of a tab, click or enter/space key press, it will change back to browse mode once you tab or click on to something that doesn't require it, or if you press escape. However, if you changed to focus mode with NVDA+space, it will stay in focus mode until you manually go back to browse mode. At any time when you are in focus mode, you can manually switch back to browse mode by pressing escape, or NVDA+space. The virtual buffer settings dialog in the preferences menu in the NVDA menu allows you to disable automatic switching of browse mode and focus mode.
Currently NVDA uses Virtual Buffers for reading documents in Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Adobe Reader.
8.1. Single Letter Navigation
While in browse mode, For quicker navigation NVDA also provides single character keys to jump to certain fields in a virtual buffer.
By themselves they jump to the next field, with the shift key they jump to the previous field.
Available keys:
• h: heading
• l: list
• i: list item
• t: table
• k: link
• n: nonLinked text
• f: form field
• u: unvisited link
• v: visited link
• e: edit field
• b: button
• x: checkbox
• c: combo box
• r: radio button
• q: block quote
• s: separator
• m: frame
• g: graphic
• d: ARIA landmark
• o: embedded object
• 1 to 6: headings 1 to 6 respectively
8.2. Forms and Focus Mode
Sometimes you may wish to interact with form fields with out the virtual buffer keys getting in the way. Focus mode is created for this purpose, and can be toggled on and off with NVDA+space.
8.3. The Elements List
The elements list (available by pressing NVDA+f7 while in a virtual buffer) provides access to a list of either links, headings or ARIA landmarks on the page. Radio buttons allow you to switch between these three types of information. An edit field is also provided in the dialog which allows you to filter the list to help you search for a particular item on the page. Once you have chosen an item, you can use the provided buttons in the dialog to move to, or activate, that item.
8.4. Embedded Objects
Pages can include rich content using technologies such as Adobe Flash and Sun Java. Where these are encountered in a virtual buffer, NVDA will announce "embedded object". You can press enter on these objects to interact with them. If it is accessible, you can then tab around it and interact with it like any other application. To return to the page, press NVDA+space.
9. Troubleshooting NVDA
As NVDA is constantly being updated, there is no guarantee that all commands provided here in this user guide will still apply. If you have any problems with any of the commands presented in this user guide, please visit: http://www.nvda-project.org/ for more assistance.

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